Earlier on, in ch. 4, the Alter Rebbe explained that the Supernal attributes of Chesed and Gevurah — the former finding expression in the diffusion of the Divine life-force that creates and animates created beings

ולכן גם הארץ ומתחת לארץ הן אין ואפס ממש לגבי הקב״הTherefore, even the earth and that which is below it are naught and utter nothingness in relation to the Holy One, blessed be He,

The Alter Rebbe explained in the previous chapters that the Scriptural statement that “in the heavens above and upon the earth below there is none other,” is not intended to negate the existence of another god. Rather, it tells us that Divine Unity is such that there is no true existence

וזהו גם כן ענין סובב כל עלמיןAnd this is also the meaning of “He encompassess all worlds.”This does not mean to say (heaven forfend) that G‑d is not found within the worlds but merely encompasses them

וממלא כל עלמין היא בחינת החיות המתלבש תוך עצם הנבראAnd “He fills all worlds” is the life-force that becomes enclothed i.e., is internalized within the essence of the created being.-heb” dir

והנה גדר ובחינת שם עולם נופל על בחינת מקום ובחינת זמן דוקאThe term “world” can be applied solely to [that which possesses] the dimensions of space and time,בחינת מקום הוא מזרח ומערב

ולפי שמדת מלכותו יתברך מיוחדת במהותו ועצמותו יתברך בתכלית היחוד, כמו שיתבארNow, since [G‑d’s] attribute of Malchut is united with His Essence and Being in an absolute union, as will be explained,” align

There is no other reality but G-d, yet the world appears totally separated from G-d.Rabbi Ben Tzion Krasniaski recaps the subject.

והנה במה שנתבאר, יובן מה שכתוב: אני ה׳ לא שניתיNow, from the foregoing exposition one will be able to understand the verse,a 8 “I, Havayah, have not changed.”

וכמו שכתב הרמב״ם ז״ל, שהוא היודע והוא הידוע והוא הדיעה עצמה, הכל אחדAs Maimonides, of blessed memory, stated, c12 that He is the Knower, He is the Known, and He