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ואף שמהותה ועצמותה של נפש הבהמית שבלבו, שהן מדותיה הרעות, עדיין לא נכללו בקדושהAlthough the substance and essence of the animal soul, in his heart, i.e., its evil middot (its evil emotional character

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In the previous chapter, the Alter Rebbe began to explain why the observance of the practical mitzvot is the ultimate purpose of Torah and of one’s spiritual service to G‑d. (This practical aspect is

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A question arises, however. How is it possible (even upon subjugating the kelipot and transforming them into holiness) that we in this world should experience a revelation of the Ein Sof-light without veil or concealment, when even the higher worlds cannot receive such revelation without dissolving into nothingness?

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וגם כבר היה לעולמים מעין זה, בשעת מתן תורהA glimmer of this revelation which will take place in the future has already been experienced — at the time of the Giving of the Torah at Sinai

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ולכן היו בטלים במציאות ממש, כמאמר רז״ל, שעל כל דיבור פרחה נשמתן כו׳Therefore, they the Jews who stood at Sinai were nullified out of existence, as our Rabbis have said: